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P. C. HEWITT.

DIRECTIVE WIRELESS TRANSMiSSlON.

APPLICATION FILED 050.2. 191a.

1,314,593. Patented Sept. 2,1919.

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DIRECTIVE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.2. 1915.

1,3 14,593; v Patented Sept. 2,1919.

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DIRECTIVE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION.

APPLICATION FILED 050.2. IsIIs.

1 ,3 1 4,593 Patented Sept. 2, 1919.

[TS-SHEET 3- 3 SHE PETER COOPER HEWITT, OF BINGWOOD MOB, NEW JERSEY.

DIRECTIVE WIRELESS TRANSMISSION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 2, 1919.

Application Med December 8, 1815. Serial No. 64,822.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Perm Coornn Hnwrrr, a citizen of the United States, and resrdent of Ringwood Manor, county of Passaic, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in D1- rective Wireless Transmissions, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to directive wireless transmission of speech, telegraphy or signals in a definite direction. It also contemplates receiving at a station which receives by means of one wave length only and impressing the signals or other message re ceived on a transmission system at the station having a sending wave length different from the receiving wave length and transmitting the signal to another station by means of the sending wave length and rendering this useful for directive transmission by checker-boarding a country with wireless stations, each of which receives on its own wave length and sends by a number of others. I

The invention is illustrated in the accomanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a diagram of a system of wireless stations checker-boarding a country; Fig. 2 represents diagrammatically the apparatus at one of the stations of Fig. 1' and Figs. 1; 3; 3; 4; 4; and 5 show mo 'fications and details. v

In Fig. 1, a, b, o, d, e, f, g, h and i, c to i; a to a to i a to i; and a to z" represent stations checker-boarding a countryand spaced at such a distance apart that each is able to receive from any station next to it and has sending power suflicient to transmit to the next station, but not suflicient to operate the receiving apparatus at.

a station which is the third statlon distant. Each station has its own receiving wave length, preferably fixed, and herein represented by the letters c b 0 d e f {2, M, and i (Fig. 1") the wave length a ing that of each station lettered a, etc., and each station is capable of sending by means of each of the receiving wave lengths of the stations next to it, which, in the case, would mean that it is capable of sendin any one of eight wave lengths. These various wave lengths are so selected that they differ sufiiciently so that the wave length designed to be receivedat a station affects the receiving apparatus at that station only;

with sufiicient force to actuate the sending apparatus of that station. For example, station e, sending wave length a, wil not afiect the instruments at a. b, c, d. f, g and h, but will affect the instruments at and be re ceived by station 2'. Station 1; in turn, will transmit by wave length a the signals which have been received at wave length i and these signals will be received at station a. Station a then sends at wave length a the signals as received, which afi'ect the instruments at station e, the destination. There, signals corresponding to the original message may be read off by means of a telephone or other receiving device. By the means described, messages may be transmitted, selectively, from the station e to the station e.

In the case of speech, the signals received by the receiving set may be connected as shown in Fig. 3 so as to operate jointly with the local telephone central or so as to operate a relay that will relay the speech to the telephone line so that messages or si als may be received at any telephone subscn ers station by means of the telephone circuit. In such a case, the station e, for exam le, may be regarded as an intermediate station, the point of final destination being the station of the tele hone subscriber. Worln'ng in the reverse irection, the telephone subscribers line may actuate the sending apparatus of the station e, for example, either directly or through the instrumentality of a relay, and in this way, the sending telephone subscriber may talk directly to the receiving telephone subscriber by means of a wireless link operating in any dlrection.

It will be seen from the above illustration that it becomes ossible to send wireless mes-'- sages in any irection all over a country checker-boarded by wireless stations, and that the messages may be caused to pass by and around 'one another by reason of the receiving and sending wave lengths of the various stations. It will also be seen that messages may be sent over the same country, partly by wireless and partly by metallic circuits.

In carrying the system above described into operation, it may become necessary or convenient to supply each station with two or more receiving devices having wave lengths individually fixed but different from each other and, also, two or more sending detive by means of devices and connections de-- scribed in my Patent No. 1,144,596, and in my patent applications Serial No. 13,873 and Serial No. 15,267, all relating to apparatus for sending and receiving wireless signals adapted to operate in connection with each other. In Fig. 2 I have showna source of current 1 connected through an inductance 32 across the terminals ofa pulsator 2 which is connected in parallel by means of conductors 3 and 3 with a variable capacity 4 and an inductance 5. The inductance 5 is inductively related to the inductance 6 included in the aerial 7 and having means for varying its natural time period, here shown as a variable inductance 8. In this instance, the device 13 is one of my mercury vapor receiving devices having a positive electrode 33 and a negative electrode 34. A

keep-alive circuit for the device 13 is indi-- cated at 35. A potential terminal 36 of the device is connected by the lead 15 with a transformer 37 of the receiving antenna 14. The device 13 is in operativerelation to the pulsator 2 by virtue of the leads 10, 12 and the repeating coil 9, the usual battery and resistance being shown at 38 and 39, respectively. The portion of the repeating coil 9 which is connected to the tubes of conducting material 40 and 41 of the pulsator 2", has included in it a condenser 42 for preventing direct current flow through that portion of the circuit. The usual devices for controlling the starting reluctance of the pulsator 2 are shown connected with the tubes 40 and 41 thereof, the same being coils 43 and 44, in inductive relation with a coil, 45, in the aerial 7, resistances, 46 and 47, belng connected in series with the coils 43 and 44, respectively. The keep-alive circuit for the pulsator 2 is indicated at 49. A tuning transmit two or condenser, 56, is included in the line between the receiving apparatus and the ground 9. The gas or vapor devices here shown have negatlve electrodes of mercury, but other devices may be substituted, having other means for maintaining the negative electrode in a receptive condition such, for instance, as devices (Fig. 4) and 2 (Fig. 4) having an incandescent negative electrode. At 30 is shown a listening or receiving telephone that can be cut in or out by a switch, 31, the coil 50 being in inductive relation to the coils 9. A relay51 (Fig. 3) may be included in the telephone circuit and the circuit connected to a telephone distribution circuit 52 of a regular telephone system. Another form of receiving instrument may be employed such as a machine 53, (Fig. 3') or chemical receiving telegraph apparatus 54 with circuits and connections.

The means employed for actuating the variable capacity 4, of Fig. 2, and for actuating the variable inductance 8 may be devices such as are well-known for operating stock-tickers or the like.

I claim as my invention: In a long distance signaling system, a

.number of stations checker-boarding a country, and each having a definite receiving wave length and definite variable wave lengths different from its receiving wave length, the stations being located at such range that the transmitted signals of proper wave length will be effective at any adjacent station but will not be'efiective at any station of the same wave length that is materially further removed from the sending station.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 30th day of November, A. D. 1915.

PETER COOPER HEWITT.

Witness:

' RAYNER M. BEDEIL. 

